• Y Hama, M Uematsu, I Nagata, A Shioda, A Suda, Y Sakurai, M Kono, T Tamura, and S Kusano.
• Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan.
• Radiology. 2001 Apr 1; 219 (1): 207-12.

PurposeTo compare the effectiveness and safety of once- versus twice-weekly high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Materials And MethodsFrom 1980 to 1997, 124 consecutive previously untreated patients with cervical cancer were treated with external-beam irradiation (50 Gy) and HDR brachytherapy. Clinical stages were I, 4 (3%) patients; II, 51 (41%); III, 64 (52%); and IV, 5 (4%). From 1980 to 1992, 74 patients (group A) were treated with HDR brachytherapy once weekly (about three fractions of 7 Gy each to point A [2 cm superior and 2 cm lateral to the inferior end of the intrauterine radioactive source]), while from 1992 to 1997, 50 patients (group B) were treated twice weekly (about six fractions of 4.5 Gy each to point A).ResultsOverall survival rate at 5 years was 65.2% in group A and 65.3% in group B (P=.96). Local recurrence-free survival rate at 5 years was 69% (51 of 74 patients) in group A and 90% (45 of 50 patients) in group B (P<.001). The rate of grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe) complications was significantly lower in group B (6% vs. 32% in group A, P<.001). At multivariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with increased local-regional recurrence rates were having stage III-IV lesions (P=.04) and with fewer than six sessions of HDR brachytherapy (P=.02).ConclusionThe twice-weekly HDR regimen may improve the local control rate with fewer complications.

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