• Sameh Gaballa, Isabell Ge, Riad El Fakih, Jonathan E Brammer, Piyanuch Kongtim, Ciprian Tomuleasa, Sa A Wang, Dean Lee, Demetrios Petropoulos, Kai Cao, Gabriela Rondon, Julianne Chen, Aimee Hammerstrom, Lindsey Lombardi, Gheath Alatrash, Martin Korbling, Betul Oran, Partow Kebriaei, Sairah Ahmed, Nina Shah, Katayoun Rezvani, David Marin, Qaiser Bashir, Amin Alousi, Yago Nieto, Muzaffar Qazilbash, Chitra Hosing, Uday Popat, Elizabeth J Shpall, Issa Khouri, Richard E Champlin, and Stefan O Ciurea.
• Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
• Cancer. 2016 Nov 15; 122 (21): 3316-3326.

BackgroundHigh-dose, post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has improved outcomes in haploidentical (HAPLO) stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, it remains unclear whether this strategy is effective in SCT from 1-antigen human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched unrelated donors (9/10 MUD) and how the outcomes of these patients compare with those of haploidentical transplantation recipients.MethodsA parallel, 2-arm, nonrandomized phase 2 clinical trial was conducted of melphalan-based reduced-intensity conditioning with PTCy, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil to prevent GVHD in patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies who underwent HAPLO (n = 60) or 9/10 MUD (n = 46) SCT.ResultsThe 1-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 70% and 60%, respectively, in the HAPLO arm and 60% and 47%, respectively, in the 9/10 MUD arm. The day +100 cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD and grade III to IV acute GVHD was 28% and 3%, respectively, in the HAPLO arm and 33% and 13%, respectively, in the 9/10 MUD arm. The 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 24% in the HAPLO arm and 19% in the 9/10 MUD arm. The 1-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 21% in the HAPLO arm and 31% in the 9/10 MUD arm, and the 1-year relapse rate was 19% in the HAPLO arm and 25% in the 9/10 MUD arm.ConclusionsAlthough this was a nonrandomized study and could not serve as a direct comparison between the 2 groups, the authors conclude that PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis is effective for both HAPLO and 9/10 MUD SCTs. Prospective randomized trials will be required to compare the efficacies of alternative donor options for patients lacking HLA-matched donors. Cancer 2016;122:3316-3326. © 2016 American Cancer Society.© 2016 American Cancer Society.

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