• Olivier Jaubert, Gastao Cruz, Aurelien Bustin, Reza Hajhosseiny, Sohaib Nazir, Torben Schneider, Peter Koken, Mariya Doneva, Daniel Rueckert, Pier-Giorgio Masci, Rene M Botnar, and Claudia Prieto.
• School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 Apr 1; 53 (4): 1253-1265.

BackgroundDixon cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) has been recently introduced to simultaneously provide water T1 , water T2 , and fat fraction (FF) maps.PurposeTo assess Dixon cardiac MRF repeatability in healthy subjects and its clinical feasibility in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease.PopulationT1MES phantom, water-fat phantom, 11 healthy subjects and 19 patients with suspected cardiovascular disease.Study TypeProspective.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, inversion recovery spin echo (IRSE), multiecho spin echo (MESE), modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI), T2 gradient spin echo (T2 -GRASE), 6-echo gradient rewound echo (GRE), and Dixon cardiac MRF.AssessmentDixon cardiac MRF precision was assessed through repeated scans against conventional MOLLI, T2 -GRASE, and PDFF in phantom and 11 healthy subjects. Dixon cardiac MRF native T1 , T2 , FF, postcontrast T1 and synthetic extracellular volume (ECV) maps were assessed in 19 patients in comparison to conventional sequences. Measurements in patients were performed in the septum and in late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) areas and assessed using mean value distributions, correlation, and Bland-Altman plots. Image quality and diagnostic confidence were assessed by three experts using 5-point scoring scales.Statistical TestsPaired Wilcoxon rank signed test and paired t-tests were applied. Statistical significance was indicated by *(P < 0.05).ResultsDixon cardiac MRF showed good overall precision in phantom and in vivo. Septal average repeatability was ~23 msec for T1 , ~2.2 msec for T2 , and ~1% for FF. Biases in healthy subjects/patients were measured at +37 msec*/+60 msec* and -8.8 msec*/-8 msec* when compared to MOLLI and T2 -GRASE, respectively. No statistically significant differences in postcontrast T1 (P = 0.17) and synthetic ECV (P = 0.19) measurements were observed in patients.Data ConclusionDixon cardiac MRF attained good overall precision in phantom and healthy subjects, while providing coregistered T1 , T2 , and fat fraction maps in a single breath-hold scan with similar or better image quality than conventional methods in patients.Level Of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage2.© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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