• Todd A Mahr, Jay A Lieberman, Tmirah Haselkorn, Varsha Damle, Yasser Ali, Arul Chidambaram, Noelle M Griffin, and J Wesley Sublett.
• Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wis. Electronic address: tamahr@gundersenhealth.org.
• J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Apr 1; 9 (4): 1683-1694.e5.

BackgroundPeanut allergy is the most common food allergy among children. Studies assessing the burden of peanut allergy in a real-world setting are limited.ObjectiveTo estimate annual incidence and prevalence of peanut allergy cases among children aged 4 to 17 years and assess severe reaction and associated health care utilization rates.MethodsPatient longitudinal data between January 2011 and December 2017 from a geographically and payer-type representative US health care claims database were used. Peanut allergy cases were identified using diagnostic codes and/or services indicating peanut-allergy-associated severe reactions/anaphylaxis. Estimated annual incidence was defined as peanut-allergic births as a proportion of all 1-year-olds and adjusted for less than 100% data set capture, undercoding, patient underpresenting rates, and spontaneous outgrowth. Prevalence was calculated on the basis of incidence. To assess rates of severe reactions to peanut and associated health care utilization, the cohort of 720,490 peanut allergy cases identified in 2011 was evaluated over a 6-year period from 2011 to 2017.ResultsAnnual incidence increased from 1.7% to 5.2% between 2001 and 2017. Estimated prevalence in 4- to 17-year-olds was 1.25 million (2.2%) in 2017. Atopic comorbidities (asthma, 60.8%; atopic dermatitis, 61.7%) and other food allergies (35.3%) were common. Severe reactions (≥1) were observed in more than half (n = 399,806) the patients, and 37.9% were triggered by an accidental exposure. One in 5 patients (n = 144,883) visited the emergency department due to peanut exposure.ConclusionsClaims data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of peanut allergy in the United States may be increasing. Estimated severe reaction rates and health care utilization were high, suggesting that the burden of peanut allergy may be considerable.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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