• Julia Huina Sng, Yiying Pei, Ying Pin Toh, Tan Ying Peh, Shirlyn Huishan Neo, and KrishnaLalit Kumar RadhaLKRc Division of Palliative Medicine , National Cancer Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.d Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore.e Centre for Biomedical Ethics , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singa.
• a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.
• Med Teach. 2017 Aug 1; 39 (8): 866-875.

IntroductionMentoring relationships are pivotal to the outcome of the mentoring process. This thematic review seeks to study the key aspects of mentoring relationships between senior physicians and junior doctors and/or medical students to inform efforts to improve mentoring programs.MethodsLiterature search was performed on publications across PubMed, ERIC, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OVID and ScienceDirect databases between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015 by three independent reviewers. The BEME guide and STORIES statement were used to develop a narrative from the articles selected.ResultsThematic analysis of 49 articles reveals five semantic themes of initiation process, developmental process, evaluation process, sustaining mentoring relationship, and obstacles to effective mentoring. The evolving and relational-dependent nature of mentoring pivots upon the compatibility of mentors and mentees and the quality of their interactions, which in turn depend on mentoring environments and awareness of mentor-, mentee-, organizational-related factors and changes in context and goals.ConclusionsEmbrace of a consistent mentoring approach to ensure effective oversight of the mentoring process must be balanced with sufficient flexibility to ensure a mentee-centered approach. Efforts must be made to optimize the key aspects of mentoring relationships in order to ensure successful mentoring processes and outcomes.

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