• M P Pekkanen, O Ukkola, P Hedberg, O P Piira, S Lepojärvi, J Lumme, M P Tulppo, and H V Huikuri.
• Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
• Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 May 1; 25 (5): 471-8.

Background And AimsVitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease, but the possible effects of Vitamin D on cardiac structure and function are not well characterized.Methods And ResultsThe correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and metabolic and cardiac echocardiographic parameters was studied in ARTEMIS study population including 831diabetic and 659 non-diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Low levels of Vitamin D were associated with high BMI (p < 0.001), high total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001 for all) in both diabetics and non-diabetics. Among non-diabetic patients, low Vitamin D was also associated independently with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.005). Low Vitamin D levels were independently associated with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (p < 0.005) and increased left atrial diameter (p < 0.03) measured by cardiac ultrasound by 2-dimensional echo. In the non-diabetic group, low Vitamin D levels were associated with impaired LV filling (high E/E') (p < 0.03) and low E/A mitral flow pattern measured by Doppler echocardiography (p < 0.05). Among diabetics, low Vitamin D levels were also related to increased LV end-systolic diameter (p < 0.05) and right ventricular diameter (p < 0.005). The association between LV diastolic filling (E/E') and Vitamin D levels was significant (p < 0.01) after adjustment for the commonly recognized risk factors of diastolic dysfunction in linear regression analysis.ConclusionsLow Vitamin D is associated with several major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac structural changes including impaired systolic and diastolic function, which together may explain the association of low Vitamin D to worse cardiovascular outcome.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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