• Hendrik J F Helmerhorst, Marie-José Roos-Blom, David J van Westerloo, Ameen Abu-Hanna, Nicolette F de Keizer, and Evert de Jonge.
• Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Post Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands. H.J.F.Helmerhorst@lumc.nl.
• Crit Care. 2015 Sep 29; 19: 348.

IntroductionArterial concentrations of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) during admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) may substantially affect organ perfusion and outcome after cardiac arrest. Our aim was to investigate the independent and synergistic effects of both parameters on hospital mortality.MethodsThis was a cohort study using data from mechanically ventilated cardiac arrest patients in the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) registry between 2007 and 2012. PaCO2 and PaO2 levels from arterial blood gas analyses corresponding to the worst oxygenation in the first 24 h of ICU stay were retrieved for analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between hospital mortality and both categorized groups and a spline-based transformation of the continuous values of PaCO2 and PaO2.ResultsIn total, 5,258 cardiac arrest patients admitted to 82 ICUs in the Netherlands were included. In the first 24 h of ICU admission, hypocapnia was encountered in 22 %, and hypercapnia in 35 % of included cases. Hypoxia and hyperoxia were observed in 8 % and 3 % of the patients, respectively. Both PaCO2 and PaO2 had an independent U-shaped relationship with hospital mortality and after adjustment for confounders, hypocapnia and hypoxia were significant predictors of hospital mortality: OR 1.37 (95 % CI 1.17-1.61) and OR 1.34 (95 % CI 1.08-1.66). A synergistic effect of concurrent derangements of PaCO2 and PaO2 was not observed (P = 0.75).ConclusionsThe effects of aberrant arterial carbon dioxide and arterial oxygen concentrations were independently but not synergistically associated with hospital mortality after cardiac arrest.

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