• Ya-Jun Ma, Yanjun Chen, Liang Li, Zhenyu Cai, Zhao Wei, Saeed Jerban, Hyungseok Jang, Eric Y Chang, and Jiang Du.
• Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California.
• Magn Reson Med. 2020 May 1; 83 (5): 1640-1651.

PurposeTo investigate direct imaging of trabecular bone using a 3D adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort TE cones (3D IR-UTE-Cones) sequence.MethodsThe proposed 3D IR-UTE-Cones sequence used a broadband adiabatic inversion pulse together with a short TR/TI combination to suppress signals from long T2 tissues such as muscle and marrow fat, followed by multispoke UTE acquisition to detect signal from short T2 water components in trabecular bone. The feasibility of this technique for robust suppression of long T2 tissues was first demonstrated through numerical simulations. The proposed IR-UTE-Cones sequence was applied to a hip agarose bone phantom and to 6 healthy volunteers for morphologic and quantitative T 2 ∗ and proton density mapping of trabecular bone.ResultsNumeric simulation suggests that the IR technique with a short TR/TI combination provides sufficient suppression of long T2 tissues with a wide range of T1 s. High contrast imaging of trabecular bone can be achieved ex vivo and in vivo, with fitted T 2 ∗ values of 0.3-0.45 ms and proton densities of 5-9 mol/L.ConclusionThe 3D IR-UTE-Cones sequence with a short TR/TI combination provides robust suppression of long T2 tissues and allows both selective imaging and quantitative ( T 2 ∗ and proton density) assessment of short T2 water components in trabecular bone in vivo.© 2019 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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