• J Clin Sleep Med · Apr 2019

    Multicenter Study Comparative Study

    A Global Comparison of Anatomic Risk Factors and Their Relationship to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity in Clinical Samples.

    • Kate Sutherland, Brendan T Keenan, Lia Bittencourt, Ning-Hung Chen, Thorarinn Gislason, Sarah Leinwand, Ulysses J Magalang, Greg Maislin, Diego R Mazzotti, Nigel McArdle, Jesse Mindel, Allan I Pack, Thomas Penzel, Bhajan Singh, Sergio Tufik, Richard J Schwab, Peter A Cistulli, and SAGIC Investigators.
    • Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    • J Clin Sleep Med. 2019 Apr 15; 15 (4): 629-639.

    Study ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a global health issue and is associated with obesity and oropharyngeal crowding. Global data are limited on the effect of ethnicity and sex on these relationships. We compare associations between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and these risk factors across ethnicities and sexes within sleep clinics.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, multicenter study of patients with OSA from eight sleep centers representing the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium (SAGIC). Four distinct ethnic groups were analyzed, using a structured questionnaire: Caucasians (Australia, Iceland, Germany, United States), African Americans (United States), Asians (Taiwan), and South Americans (Brazil). Regression analyses and interaction tests were used to assess ethnic and sex differences in relationships between AHI and anthropometric measures (body mass index [BMI], neck circumference, waist circumference) or Mallampati score.ResultsAnalyses included 1,585 individuals from four ethnic groups: Caucasian (60.6%), African American (17.5%), Asian (13.1%), and South American (8.9%). BMI was most strongly associated with AHI in South Americans (7.8% increase in AHI per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI; P < .0001) and most weakly in African Americans (1.9% increase in AHI per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI; P = .002). In Caucasians and South Americans, associations were stronger in males than females. Mallampati score differed between ethnicities but did not influence AHI differently across groups.ConclusionsWe demonstrate ethnic and sex variations in associations between obesity and OSA. For similar BMI increases, South American patients show greatest AHI increases compared to African Americans. Findings highlight the importance of considering ethnicity and sex in clinical assessments of OSA risk.© 2019 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

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