• Andrea S Melani, Nicola Lanzarone, and Paola Rottoli.
• a Fisiopatologia e Riabilitazione Respiratoria, Dipartimento Vasi, Cuore e Torace, Policlinico Le Scotte , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese , Siena , Italy.
• Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Mar 1; 11 (3): 245-258.

IntroductionUntil recently considered as a minor health problem, the role of bronchiectasis is now increasingly recognized. New specific drugs are being approved for treatment of bronchiectasis. Possibly they will offer better perspectives to bronchiectatic subjects with evolving course. Areas covered: We provide an overview of aetiopathogenesis, clinics and non-pharmacological management, extending the topic of pharmacological treatment. Present therapies were extrapolated from other chronic lung diseases, but newer promising specific drugs are being awaited. Therapy aims at improving mobilisation of bronchial secretions and, if any, reversing airflow obstruction. Antibiotics are indicated to treat exacerbations, eradicate or reduce sputum bacterial load. Expert commentary: Over the last years evidence is mounted that bronchiectatic subjects with accelerated course of disease should be referred to secondary and tertiary centres. This requires increased awareness on the role and the frequency of bronchiectasis in primary care. Long-term continuous or cyclical use of antibiotics is recommended to stabilize or improve the course of evolving disease. Macrolides are a currently preferred option. Inhaled antibiotics are gaining importance and are the object of ongoing research interest. Practical challenges of inhaled antibiotic treatment remain the need of defining the best therapeutic regimen and optimizing true adherence.

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