• Drug Alcohol Depend · Apr 2019

    Randomized Controlled Trial

    Integrated cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD in adult substance use disorder patients: Results of a randomized clinical trial.

    • Katelijne van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen, Ellen Vedel, Floor J Kramer, Matthijs Blankers, DekkerJack J MJJMArkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Wim van den Brink, and Robert A Schoevers.
    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Jellinek Substance Abuse Treatment Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: katelijne.van.oortmerssen@arkin.nl.
    • Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Apr 1; 197: 28-36.

    BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). Standard ADHD pharmacotherapies are not effective in patients with this comorbidity and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has not been tested in this population. This RCT aimed to compare the efficacy of Integrated CBT (CBT/Integrated) directed at adult ADHD and SUD with CBT directed at SUD only (CBT/SUD) in patients with SUD and ADHD (SUD + ADHD).MethodsRandomized clinical trial among 119 SUD + ADHD patients in a SUD treatment center. CBT/Integrated consisted of 15 individual sessions of motivational therapy, coping skills training and relapse prevention for SUD, and training of planning skills, problem-solving skills and dealing with emotions for ADHD. CBT/SUD consisted of 10 individual SUD treatment sessions only. Primary outcome was ADHD symptom severity according to the ADHD rating scale (ARS) at post-treatment. Secondary outcomes included ADHD symptom severity after two-month follow-up, and treatment response (≥30% ADHD symptom reduction), substance use, depressive or anxiety symptoms, and quality of life at post-treatment and follow-up.ResultsCBT/Integrated was more effective than CBT/SUD in the reduction of ADHD symptoms post-treatment: ARS = 28.1 (SD 9.0) vs. 31.5 (SD 11.4) (F = 4.739, df = 1, 282, p = .030; d = 0.34). At follow-up, CBT/Integrated still resulted in lower ARS scores than CBT/SUD, but the difference was not significant at the 0.05 level. For other secondary outcomes, including substance use, no significant between-group differences were present.ConclusionsCompared to regular SUD cognitive behavioral therapy, integrated cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in a significant extra improvement in ADHD symptoms in SUD + ADHD patients.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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