• Michael Dinsmore and Lashmi Venkatraghavan.
• Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2021 Oct 1; 34 (5): 563568563-568.

Purpose Of ReviewDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a rapidly expanding surgical modality for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. Its ability to be adjusted, titrated, and optimized over time has given it a significant advantage over traditional more invasive surgical procedures. Therefore, the success and popularity of this procedure have led to the discovery of new indications and therapeutic targets as well as advances in surgical techniques. The aim of this review is to highlight the important updates in DBS surgery and to exam the anesthesiologist's role in providing optimal clinical management.Recent FindingsNew therapeutic indications have a significant implication on perioperative anesthesia management. In addition, new technologies like frameless stereotaxy and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging to guide electrode placement have altered the need for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and hence increased the use of general anesthesia. With an expanding number of patients undergoing DBS implantation, patients with preexisting DBS increasingly require anesthesia for unrelated surgery and the anesthesiologist must be aware of the considerations for perioperative management of these devices and potential complications.SummaryDBS will continue to grow and evolve requiring adaptation and modification to the anesthetic management of these patients.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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