• Pietro Mascagni, María Rita Rodríguez-Luna, Takeshi Urade, Emanuele Felli, Patrick Pessaux, Didier Mutter, Jacques Marescaux, Guido Costamagna, Bernard Dallemagne, and Nicolas Padoy.
• ICube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IHU Strasbourg, France; Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: p.mascagni@unistra.fr.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2021 Oct 1; 233 (4): 497-505.

BackgroundThe critical view of safety (CVS) is poorly adopted in surgical practices, although it is recommended ubiquitously to prevent major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study aimed to investigate whether performing a short intraoperative time-out can improve CVS implementation.Study DesignIn this before vs after study, surgeons performing LCs at an academic center were invited to use a 5-second long time-out to verify CVS before dividing the cystic duct (5-second rule). The primary aim was to compare the rate of CVS achievement for LC performed in the year before vs the year after implementation of the 5-second rule. The CVS achievement rate was computed after exclusion of bailout procedures using a mediated video-based assessment made by 2 independent reviewers. Clinical outcomes, LC workflows, and postoperative reports were also compared.ResultsThree hundred and forty-three of 381 LC performed between December 2017 and November 2019 (171 before and 172 after implementation of the 5-second rule) were analyzed. The 5-second rule was associated with a significantly increased rate of CVS achievement (15.9% vs 44.1% before vs after the 5-second rule, respectively; p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed with respect to the rate of bailout procedures (8.2% vs 15.7%; p = 0.04), median time (hours:minutes:seconds) to clip the cystic duct or artery (00:17:26; interquartile range 00:11:48 to 00:28:35 vs 00:23:12; interquartile range 00:14:29 to 00:31:45 duration; p = 0.007), and the rate of postoperative CVS reporting (1.3% vs 28.8%; p < 0.001). Postoperative morbidity was comparable (1.8% vs 2.3%; p = 0.68).ConclusionsPerforming a short intraoperative time-out was associated with an improved CVS achievement rate. Systematic intraoperative cognitive aids should be studied to sustain the uptake of guidelines.Copyright © 2021 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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