• Anna Dania, Zsolt Nagykaldi, Ari Haaranen, MurisJean W MJWMFrom Department of Family Medicine/General Practice, CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (AD, JWMM); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Oklahoma City (ZN); Depa, Philip H Evans, Pekka Mäntyselkä, and Chris van Weel.
• From Department of Family Medicine/General Practice, CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (AD, JWMM); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Oklahoma City (ZN); Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK (PHE); Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Unit of General Practice, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (PM); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands (CvW); Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Australian National University, Canberra (CvW). a.dania@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
• J Am Board Fam Med. 2021 Jul 1; 34 (4): 762-797.

PurposePractice-based research networks (PBRNs) have developed dynamically across the world, paralleling the emergence of the primary care discipline. While this review focuses on the internal environment of PBRNs, the complete framework will be presented incrementally in future publications.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the published and gray literature. Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), OVID, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and SAGE Premier, were searched for publications between January 1, 1965 and December 31, 2020 for English-language articles. Rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria were implemented to identify relevant publications, and inductive thematic analysis was applied to elucidate key elements, subthemes, and themes. Social network theory was used to synthesize findings.ResultsA total of 229 publications described the establishment of 93 PBRNs in 15 countries that met the inclusion criteria. The overall framework yielded 3 main themes, 12 subthemes, and 57 key elements. Key PBRN activities included relationship building between academia and practitioners and development of a learning environment through multidirectional communication.ConclusionsPBRNs across many countries contributed significantly to shaping the landscape of primary health care and became an integral part of it. Many common features within the sphere of PBRNs can be identified that seem to promote their establishment across the world.© Copyright 2021 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

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