• Sevilay Tumkaya Yilmaz, Ömer Elma, Tom Deliens, Iris Coppieters, Peter Clarys, Jo Nijs, and Anneleen Malfliet.
• Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
• Pain Physician. 2021 Aug 1; 24 (5): 335-344.

BackgroundChronic pain is one of the most often seen, but often undertreated, sequelae in survivors of cancer. Also, this population often shows significant nutritional deficiencies, which can affect quality of life, general health status, and even risk of relapse. Given the influence of nutrition on brain plasticity and function, which in turn is associated with chronic pain in the population with cancer, it becomes relevant to focus on the association between pain and nutritional aspects in this population.ObjectiveTo identify relevant evidence regarding nutrition and chronic pain in patients with cancer/survivors of cancer.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for interventional and experimental studies that included patients with cancer /survivors of cancer with chronic pain, a nutrition-related observation/examination, and a pain-related outcome. Studies that complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened for methodological quality and risk of bias by using the Qualsyst (standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research) tool.ResultsThe 2 included studies entailed uncontrolled trials which examined different nutritional supplements usage in various patients with cancer (breast, gastrointestinal and gynecological  cancers). One study evaluated the effects of vitamin C, but did not report a change in pain outcomes. The other study, looking at the nutritional supplements glucosamine and chondroitin, found an improvement in pain after 12- and 24 weeks.LimitationsThe limitations to the generalization of these results include the insufficient amount of eligible studies and diversity in therapeutic interventions and participant groups.ConclusionThe association between nutrition and chronic pain in patients with cancer /survivors of cancer is not well documented. The available studies are uncontrolled, and are therefore limited to draw firm conclusions. Additional research is highly needed, and a research agenda is proposed within this paper.

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