• David García-Azorín, María José Abenza Abildúa, María Elena Erro Aguirre, Santiago Fernández Fernández, Juan Carlos García Moncó, Cristina Guijarro-Castro, Montserrat González Platas, Fernando Romero Delgado, José Miguel Láinez Andrés, David Ezpeleta, and Spanish neuroCOVID registry group.
• Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. Electronic address: dgazorin@ucm.es.
• J. Neurol. Sci. 2021 Apr 15; 423: 117283.

ObjectiveWe report the findings from the Spanish Society of Neurology's NeuroCOVID-19 Registry.MethodsWe performed a multicentre study of patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Participating physicians reported demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data and judged the involvement of COVID-19 in causing neurological symptoms.ResultsA total of 233 cases were submitted, including 74 different combinations of manifestations. The most frequently reported were stroke (27%), neuromuscular symptoms (23.6%), altered mental status (23.6%), anosmia (17.6%), headache (12.9%), and seizures (11.6%). The mean age of patients was 61.1 years, with 42.1% being women; a higher proportion of women was recorded among patients with altered mental status, anosmia, and headache. The onset of symptoms differed within categories. Onset of anosmia occurred a mean (standard deviation) of 2.9 (2.5) days after the first general symptom, whereas neuromuscular symptoms appeared after 13.9 (10.1) days. Neurological symptoms were persistent in 33% of patients. General symptoms were present in 97.7% of patients, and results from general laboratory studies were abnormal in 99.4% of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis findings were abnormal in 62.7% of the cases in which this test was performed (n = 51), but positive results for SARS-CoV-2 were only found in one case.ConclusionsThe neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are diverse. Anosmia, myalgia, and headache occur earlier in the course of the disease. Altered mental status, neuromuscular symptoms, and stroke are associated with greater severity. COVID-19 must be incorporated into most clinical and radiological differential diagnoses. COVID-19 may cause persistent and disabling neurological symptoms.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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