• Justus Lieber, Markus Dietzel, Simon Scherer, Jürgen F Schäfer, Hans-Joachim Kirschner, and Jörg Fuchs.
• Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany. justus.lieber@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Oct 1; 48 (5): 3471-3478.

PurposeESIN (elastic stable intramedullary nailing) is considered the gold standard for various pediatric fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and type of complications during or after TEN (titanium elastic nail) removal.MethodsA retrospective data analysis was performed. Metal removal associated complications and preoperative extraosseous length/outlet angle of TENs as possible causes of complications were assessed.ResultsThe complication rate in 384 TEN removals was 3.1% (n = 12). One major complication (rupture of M. extensor pollicis brevis) was documented. One refracture at the forearm occurred, however, remodeling prior TEN removal was completed. Ten minor complications were temporary or without irreversible restrictions (3 infections, 5 scaring/granuloma, 2 temporary paraesthesia). In 38 cases (16 forearms, 10 femora, 9 humeri, 3 lower legs), intra-operative fluoroscopy had to be used to locate the implants. In patients with forearm fractures, extraosseous implant length was relatively shorter than in cases without fluoroscopy (p = 0.01), but outlet angle of TENs was not significantly different in these two groups (28.5° vs 25.6°). In patients with femur fractures, extraosseous implant length and outlet angle were tendentially shorter, respectively, lower, but this did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionRemoval of TENs after ESIN is a safe procedure with a low complication rate. Technically inaccurate TEN implantation makes removal more difficult and complicated. To prevent an untimely removal and patient discomfort, nail ends must be exactly positioned and cut. Intraoperative complications may be minimized with removal of TENs before signs of overgrowth.EvidenceLevel III, retrospective.© 2021. The Author(s).

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