• Eleftherios Spartalis, Georgios Ntokos, Konstantinos Georgiou, Georgios Zografos, Gerasimos Tsourouflis, Dimitrios Dimitroulis, and Nikolaos I Nikiteas.
• Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece eleftherios.spartalis@gmail.com.
• In Vivo. 2020 Jan 1; 34 (1): 23-32.

Background/AimRecently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been used for the identification of the parathyroid glands (PG) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. However, an overall consensus on the optimal technique, the dosage, the timing of the ICG administration and finally its interpretation and clinical usefulness is still lacking evidence. The aim of this review is to investigate the use of ICG angiography during thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy for identification as well as for the perfusion integrity of the parathyroid glands.Materials And MethodsThe PubMed database was systematically searched for publications regarding intraoperative ICG imaging in patients that undergo thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy.ResultsEighteen publications reporting on 612 patients, namely 71 parathyroidectomy and 541 thyroidectomy patients met the inclusion criteria. Eleven publications reported the use of ICG angiography for the identification of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy and seven during parathyroidectomy for primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.ConclusionICG fluorescence imaging is a simple, fast and reproducible method capable of intraoperatively visualizing and assessing the function of parathyroid glands, and can, therefore, assist surgeons in their decision-making. Despite all this, ICG fluorescence imaging technique for PG detection still lacks standardization and further studies are needed to establish its clinical utility.Copyright© 2020, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

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