• M Wendt, F Wacker, K J Wolf, J S Lewin, and J L Duerk.
• Department of Radiology/MRI, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA.
• Rofo. 1999 Apr 1; 170 (4): 391-3.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to introduce a fast, T2 weighted true FISP keyhole sequence implemented on an open C arm low field magnetic resonance (MR) scanner for interventional procedure guidance.MethodFollowing the acquisition of a reference data set using a true FISP (fast Imaging with Steady Precision) sequence, only the 32 central raw data lines (keyhole) are acquired in a fluoroscopic-like mode enabling continuous image reconstruction and update. The keyhole true-FISP sequence was tested in animal experiments and used in MR-guided interventions in 10 patients.ResultsThe described true FISP keyhole sequence is characterized by an image frame rate of 2.5 images per second and a T2-like contrast. Due to system constraints with respect to the reconstruction, the actual displaying of images was delayed by up to 180 ms.ConclusionsThe use of the described keyhole sequence enabled a fluoroscopy-like guidance of interventional devices in an open, low-field system.

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