• C Putensen, J Räsänen, F A López, and J B Downs.
• Department of Anesthesiology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa 33612-4799.
• Chest. 1994 Nov 1; 106 (5): 1563-9.

ObjectivesThe present study was designed to evaluate if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) augments the effect of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation on matching between ventilation and perfusion (VA/Q) during acute lung injury.DesignProspective, randomized study.SettingA research laboratory at a university medical center.SubjectsTen anesthetized mongrel dogs with oleic acid-induced lung injury.InterventionsZero or 40 parts per million of NO in the inspiratory gas, with and without 10 cm H2O CPAP in random order.Measurements And Main ResultsGas exchange was assessed by estimating the VA/Q distributions using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Application of CPAP decreased blood flow to shunt units by 26 +/- 2 percent (mean +/- SD) and increased the fraction of cardiac output to normal VA/Q units (VA/Q ratio of 0.1 to 10) by 26 +/- 2 percent (p < 0.05). Inhalation of NO during CPAP accounted for a further 10 +/- 2 percent decrease in the blood flow to shunt units and an 8 +/- 2 percent increase in the fraction of the cardiac output to normal VA/Q units (p < 0.05). Inhalation of NO alone had no significant effect on the VA/Q distributions. Inhalation of NO decreased mean transmural pulmonary artery pressure (Ppatm) both without (Ppatm from 30 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 2 mm Hg; PVR from 323 +/- 44 to 228 +/- 43 dynes.s .cm-5; p < 0.05) and with CPAP (Ppatm from 25 +/- 2 to 20 +/- 2 mm Hg; PVR from 255 +/- 30 to 173 +/- 31 dynes.s.cm-5; p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough pulmonary vascular resistance can be lowered with NO inhalation alone, recruitment of gas exchange units with CPAP is necessary to produce a beneficial effect of NO inhalation on VA/Q matching and oxygenation. When recruitment of gas exchange units with CPAP brings gaseous NO in contact with enough pulmonary blood vessels, NO-induced vasodilation will augment VA/Q matching by a steal mechanism.

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