• Taylor M Coe, Kristen M Jogerst, Emil Petrusa, Roy Phitayakorn, and Jeremy Lipman.
• Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
• Ann. Surg. 2023 Mar 1; 277 (3): e707e713e707-e713.

ObjectiveThis study aims to define an effective senior resident and understand the process of leadership and nontechnical skill development in the transition from junior to senior surgery resident.Summary BackgroundGeneral surgery residents are responsible for patient care, technically demanding operations, and diverse care team management. However, leadership skill development for the transition from junior to senior resident roles is often overlooked.MethodsWe conducted 15 semi-structured focus groups with surgery residents from an urban, academic institution. Focus group transcripts were inductively coded. Using content analysis and constant comparative methodology, primary codes were refined into categories and organized into higher-level themes.ResultsThirty-three general surgery residents completed fifteen focus groups. Six themes were identified. Three themes describe the process of becoming an effective senior resident: how to define a senior resident's scope of practice, the transition process, and the importance of personal investment. Three themes were identified regarding effective seniors: ideal traits, teachable skills, and the team and patient impact.ConclusionsSurgery residents define an effective senior resident as the team member with the highest level of experience who manages the big picture of patient care. The transition is improved by personal engagement and acknowledgement of the transition. Ideal traits of effective seniors, including emotional intelligence and inherent personality traits, allow a resident to more naturally assume this role; however, teachable skills, such as communication, expectation setting and competence, can be taught to improve one's effectiveness. The actions of a senior resident impact the team and patient care, underscoring the importance of understanding this role.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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