• Brit J Hosp Med · Jul 2021

    Shoulder examination: a systematic approach.

    • Akib M Khan, Angelos Assiotis, Mazin S Ibrahim, and Andrew R Sankey.
    • Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
    • Brit J Hosp Med. 2021 Jul 2; 82 (7): 1-15.

    AbstractThe shoulder is a complex joint with static and dynamic stabilising structures working synchronously. These allow a full range of movement while preserving stability of the joint. Patients may present with pain, stiffness, weakness, deformity or instability. The authors suggest a systematic examination sequence to ensure that important pathology is not overlooked. Adopting this approach allows common pathologies, including tears of the rotator cuff, impingement and tendinopathy, to be easily identified. This shoulder examination sequence may be used by all healthcare professionals and can also act as a revision aid for those undergoing exams in this field, at different levels of training.

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