• Sayaka Ohara, Tomonori Ushijima, Mariko Gunji, Chiharu Tanai, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Hiromichi Noda, Hajime Horiuchi, and Kazuhiro Usui.
• Division of Respirology NTT Medical Center TOKYO, 5-9-22 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan. sayakaohara@gmail.com.
• J Med Case Rep. 2014 Feb 20; 8: 64.

IntroductionNon-small-cell lung cancer harboring an activated epidermal growth factor receptor mutation exhibits a good response to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, clinicians often experience treatment failure following the development of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Case PresentationWe here report a case of a 56-year-old Japanese woman with non-small-cell lung carcinoma with a secondary T790M mutation associated with resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that maintained sensitivity of brain metastases to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. An autopsy showed that the primary focus had a T790M mutation; however, no mutations of T790M were found in the brain metastases.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the detection of T790M was associated with the clinical responsiveness to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

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