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- Amal Mattu and Benjamin Lawner.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. amattu@smail.umaryland.edu
- Heart Fail Clin. 2009 Jan 1;5(1):19-24, v.
AbstractThe evolution of prehospital treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure has in some ways come full circle: rather than emphasizing a battery of new pharmacotherapies, out-of-hospital providers have a renewed focus on aggressive use of nitrates, optimization of airway support, and rapid transport. The use of furosemide and morphine has become de-emphasized, and a flurry of research activity and excitement revolves around the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. Further research will clarify the role of bronchodilators and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the prehospital setting.
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