• Amanda E Ward and Sara A McComb.
• Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
• J Clin Nurs. 2018 Mar 1; 27 (5-6): e873-e881.

Aims And ObjectivesTo elucidate the terminology associated with preceptorships, articulate an operational description of preceptorship that may be useful in formalising the precepting process and provide guidance for constructing a clinical environment where precepting can thrive.BackgroundPrecepting facilitates the transition of nurses into new roles. Precepting may improve patient outcomes and safety, as well as enhance nursing satisfaction. Most research focuses on preceptor preparation and perceptions. A comprehensive operational description of what is required to formalise the precepting process is missing from the literature.DesignThis concept analysis was completed using a combination of Walker and Avant's and Rodger's methods.MethodsExisting literature relating to preceptorship was reviewed. Critical attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents were identified. Model, contrary, related and borderline cases were developed.ResultsPreceptorships have the specific attributes of being (i) one-on-one relationships, (ii) embedded within formalised programmes, (iii) that evolve over set amounts of time, (iv) to systematically facilitate practical experiences. Antecedents include how precepting is triggered and organisational supporting activities that may facilitate effective precepting. Consequences include new hire preparedness, confidence and increased retention. Empirical referents are provided for assessing hands-on clinical expertise, individualisation of precepting programmes and the preceptor-preceptee relationship.ConclusionsThis concept analysis provides a holistic view of the precepting process that shifts the focus from the people or checklist to formalised preceptorships.Relevance To Clinical PracticeContinuity throughout an organisation's system streamlines the process of hiring new employees and transitioning nursing students to practice. Organisational policies, dedicated resources and engagement in systematically improving the precepting process are critical. Nurse managers must promote and support formalised preceptorships by providing preceptors and preceptees the time and space needed and fostering a culture that supports preceptorships.© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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