• Claus Klingenberg, Marit Pettersen, Elin A Hansen, Linn J Gustavsen, Ingvild A Dahl, Arild Leknessund, Per I Kaaresen, and Marianne Nordhov.
• Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, , Tromsø, Norway.
• Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Mar 1;99(2):F134-7.

ObjectiveTo compare patient comfort in preterm infants treated with heated humidified high flow nasal cannulae (HHHFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).DesignRandomised cross-over trial (2×24 h).SettingSingle tertiary neonatal unit.Patients20 infants less than 34 weeks postmenstrual age treated with NCPAP due to mild respiratory illness.InterventionsAfter parental consent, infants were randomised to 24 h of treatment with NCPAP or HHHFNC followed by 24 h of the alternate therapy.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was patient comfort assessed by the EDIN (neonatal pain and discomfort) scale. Secondary outcomes were respiratory parameters (respiratory rate, FiO2, SpO2, TcPCO2), ambient noise, salivary cortisol and parental assessments of their child.ResultsWe found no differences between HHHFNC and NCPAP in mean cumulative EDIN score (10.7 vs 11.1, p=0.25) or ambient noise (70 vs 74 dBa, p=0.18). Parents assessed HHHFNC treatment as significantly better in the three domains, 1) child satisfied, 2) parental contact and interaction and 3) possibility to take part in care. Mean respiratory rate over 24 h was lower during HHHFNC than CPAP (41 vs 46, p=0.001). Other respiratory parameters were similar.ConclusionsUsing EDIN scale, we found no difference in patient comfort with HHHFNC versus NCPAP. However, parents preferred HHHFNC, and during HHHFNC respiratory rate was lower than during NCPAP.Clinicaltrialsgov, NumberNCT01526226.

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