• Biomed Res Int · Jan 2014

    A standardized method for 4D ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade and catheter placement.

    • N J Clendenen, C B Robards, and S R Clendenen.
    • Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
    • Biomed Res Int. 2014 Jan 1;2014:920538.

    AbstractWe present a standardized method for using four-dimensional ultrasound (4D US) guidance for peripheral nerve blocks. 4D US allows for needle tracking in multiple planes simultaneously and accurate measurement of the local anesthetic volume surrounding the nerve following injection. Additionally, the morphology and proximity of local anesthetic spread around the target nerve is clearly seen with the described technique. This method provides additional spatial information in real time compared to standard two-dimensional ultrasound.

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