• Padmanee Sharma.
• From the Departments of Immunology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.P.S.'s work was supported by the SU2C-CRI Dream Team Cancer Immunotherapy Grant, PCF Challenge Grant in Immunology, NCI/NIH 1-R01 CA1633793-01, and Cancer Prevention Research in Texas (grant RP120108).
• Cancer J. 2016 Mar 1; 22 (2): 68-72.

AbstractImmune checkpoint therapy has started a revolution in the field of oncology. The concept that the immune system plays a critical role in antitumor responses, which has been around for decades, has finally been proven and firmly established with elegant preclinical studies and dramatic clinical responses in patients as a result of antibodies that block inhibitory T-cell pathways. However, the clinical responses being achieved are only in a subset of patients, and more work is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that elicit tumor rejection, which will enable identification of appropriate biomarkers, reveal new targets, provide data to guide combination studies, and eventually dictate a platform that allows more patients to derive clinical benefit, including cures, with immune checkpoint therapy.

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