• Abdulsalam Alkaiyat and Mitchell G Weiss.
• Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland, abdulsalam.alkaiyat@unibas.ch.
• Int J Public Health. 2013 Dec 1; 58 (6): 927-37.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the priority of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa region and compare it with other regions. This review examines the social, cultural and religious features of HIV in the region, and considers their influence on perception of risk and approaches to control, such as condom use and antiretroviral therapy.MethodsWe screened a wide range of sources for comprehensive and reliable data; the search of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and grey literature databases were unrestricted by language and year of publication.ResultsStudies of HIV/AIDS in the region are limited, especially studies of social aspects of HIV/AIDS and their relevance for control. Findings suggest low condom use across the region among high-risk groups, and the general population, and low antiretroviral therapy uptake among people with HIV/AIDS.ConclusionsThe review indicates gaps in the literature and needs for more academic engagement and political commitment. Cultural norms have notable implications for HIV control, which are discussed, considering implications for the priority, prevention, treatment, and control of HIV/AIDS.

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