• Celine Mascaux, Nir Peled, Kavita Garg, Yasufumi Kato, Murry W Wynes, and Fred R Hirsch.
• University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. celine.mascaux@ucdenver.edu
• Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2010 Sep 1;10(6):799-815.

AbstractAccounting for 28% of all cancer deaths and causing 1.3 million deaths worldwide every year, lung cancer is the most lethal cancer. Diagnosing and treating cancer at its early stages, ideally during precancerous stages, could increase the 5-year survival rate by three- to four-fold with a potential for cure. Thus far, no screening method has been shown to decrease disease-specific mortality rate. The present review describes the rationale and issues related to early lung cancer screening, the management of screen-detected primary cancers and different approaches that have been tested for screening. These include imaging techniques, bronchoscopies, molecular screenings from different noninvasive or invasive sources, such as blood, sputum, bronchoscopic samples and exhaled breath.

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