• Jingyao Li, Jiabing Jiang, Zhiqiang Chu, Yuling Zhang, Wenjuan Cai, Jinxia Zhu, Robert Grimm, and Qian Ji.
• First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
• J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020 Jul 1; 52 (1): 217-228.

BackgroundLiposomal prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-PGE1) treatment should protect against hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (WIRI). Improved methods are needed for the noninvasive evaluation of hepatic responses to prophylactic Lipo-PGE1 pretreatment approaches.PurposeTo demonstrate that multiparametric MRI measurements permit noninvasive differentiation of Lipo-PGE1 treatment outcomes in a hepatic WIRI animal model.Study TypeAnimal study.Animal ModelSeventy rabbits were randomly divided into a sham-operated group (A0), warm ischemia groups experiencing increasing periods of ischemia (A1-A3), and corresponding intervention groups (I1-I3) (n = 10 for each group).Field Strength/SequenceImaging was performed at 3T using a multiecho gradient echo (GRE) sequence (repetition time / echo time [TR/TE], 75/2.57-24.25 msec) for R2* blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) measurements, free-breathing single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) sequence with two b-values (0 and 500 s/mm2 ) in 12 diffusion directions for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and a free-breathing ss-EPI sequence with eight b-values (0 to 800 s/mm2 ) for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) measurements.AssessmentThe BOLD-derived parameter (R2*), DTI-derived parameters (ADC, FA), and IVIM-derived parameters (Dslow, Dfast, and PF) were calculated for comparisons between treatment groups and correlation to ALT, AST, and LDH levels.Statistical TestsOne-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-test, Spearman correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed.ResultsHistopathology confirmed the validity of the WIRI model and the efficacy of intervention with clear structure and morphology differences between the different ischemia times and between the Lipo-PGE1 treatment and control groups. Prolonged warm ischemia times resulted in higher R2* and FA values and gradually lower ADC, Dslow, Dfast, and PF values (all P < 0.05). The R2* and FA values were lower, and the ADC, Dslow, Dfast, and PF values were higher in the Lipo-PGE1 intervention groups compared with those in the warm ischemia group for each paired time. However, none of the parameters reached the levels of the A0 group (all P < 0.05). As the warm ischemia time increased, additional parameters demonstrated significant differences between warm ischemia time groups and corresponding intervention groups. At the shortest (30 min), middle (40 min), and longest (60 min) ischemia times, three, four, and five parameters were significantly different between the WIRI and intervention groups, respectively (all P < 0.05). ADC, Dslow, Dfast, and PF values were negatively correlated, while R2* and FA values were positively correlated with serum ALT (|r| = 0.312-0.606) and AST (|r| = 0.432-0.602) (all P < 0.05). ADC and Dfast values showed negative correlations, and R2* showed positive correlations with serum LDH (|r| = 0.323-0.542, all P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that DTI yielded the strongest diagnostic performance for evaluating the improvement of WIRI.Data ConclusionMultiparametric MRI can serve as a noninvasive radiologic evaluation for monitoring the protective impact of Lipo-PGE1 therapy on hepatic WIRI.Level Of Evidence1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:217-228.© 2019 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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