• Xiaobo Zhang, Ruying Wang, Jie Luo, Danni Xia, and Chaojun Zhou.
• Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Aug 6; 100 (31): e26802e26802.

RationaleListeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a compatible intracellular bacterial pathogen that can invade different mammalian cells and reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. In the diagnosis of L. monocytogenes meningoencephalitis (LMM), conventional tests are often reported as negative due to antibiotic therapy or low bacterial content in cerebrospinal fluid. To date, prompt diagnosis and accurate treatment remain a challenge for patients with Listeria infections.Patient ConcernsHere, we report a case of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with LMM by using metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS).DiagnosisLMM was confirmed by mNGS analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.InterventionsThe patient was treated with piperacillin and sensitive antibiotics.OutcomesThe patient could walk independently about 1 month after admission and was discharged from the hospital.LessonsThis case highlights the value of mNGS in the diagnosis of LMM and emphasizes the inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods for Listeria infection.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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