• Zhou-Ye Luo, Xun-Ze Shen, Fang Liu, and Chen Lin.
• PET/CT Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Aug 13; 100 (32): e26906e26906.

RationaleMucinous cystadenoma is a benign tumor that is commonly found in the pancreas, ovaries, or appendix, but is rarely encountered in the lungs. Worldwide, only a few reported cases of these tumors originate in the lungs. Herein, we analyzed the imaging features of a case of pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma (PMCA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PMCA complicated by significant infection.Patient ConcernsA 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with blood in sputum for more than 2 months. Serum laboratory examination showed significantly elevated leukocyte and tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen. Enhanced thoracic computed tomography and whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a cystic-solid ill-defined mass in the right upper lung.DiagnosisThe tumor was considered malignant, both clinically and radiologically.InterventionsThe patient underwent right upper lobe tumor resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection.OutcomesPostoperative specimen pathology was diagnosed as PMCA with infection. The patient was not administered any further treatment. The patient was alive without any recurrence or metastasis of the tumor after 2 years of follow-up.LessonsPreoperative diagnosis of PMCA with atypical imaging and clinical manifestations is extremely difficult. This is the first reported case of PMCA complicated by a significant infection that was misdiagnosed preoperatively as a malignancy.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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