• Xiaofei Zhang, Hui Qian, Xiangkun Qu, and Yalin Jiang.
• Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Bozhou City People's Hospital, Bozhou Hospital affiliated to Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jul 23; 100 (29): e26672e26672.

BackgroundTo date, there have been no reported trials that directly compare pembrolizumab/carrelizumab monotherapy versus pembrolizumab/carrelizumab and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment setting of advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab/carrelizumab versus pembrolizumab/carrelizumab and chemotherapy in previously treated patients with NSCLC.MethodsThe following search terms would be used in PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases on July 20, 2021, as the search algorithm: (pembrolizumab) OR (carrelizumab) OR (programmed death-1) AND (non-small cell lung cancer) OR (NSCLC). All RCTs that reported the outcomes of pembrolizumab/carrelizumab with or without chemotherapy compared with those of pembrolizumab/carrelizumab alone for patients with NSCLC were considered eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors for complete and partial responses, and treatment-related adverse events including immune-related adverse events. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and treatment-related adverse events for the FDA-approved doses.ConclusionsThe results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria and the review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings.Ethical ApprovalAs this study is on the basis of published or registered previous studies, ethical approval and informed consent of patients are not required.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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