• Beatrice Korwisi, Bárbara Beatriz Garrido Suárez, Subrata Goswami, Nischala Reddy Gunapati, Ginea Hay, Manuel Angel Hernández Arteaga, Charlotte Hill, David Jones, Muralidhar Joshi, Maria Kleinstäuber, Ana Marta López Mantecón, Gargi Nandi, Chandra Shekhar Reddy Papagari, María Del Carmen Rabí Martínez, Biplab Sarkar, Nicola Swain, Paul Templer, Maartje Tulp, Naomi White, Rolf-Detlef Treede, Winfried Rief, and Antonia Barke.
• Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
• Pain. 2022 Mar 1; 163 (3): e453e462e453-e462.

AbstractChronic pain affects 1 in 5 persons and contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. The 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a comprehensive classification of chronic pain. The aim of this ecological implementation field study was to evaluate the classification's interrater reliability and clinical utility in countries with different income levels. The study was conducted in 4 pain clinics in Cuba, India, and New Zealand. Twenty-one clinicians used the ICD-11 to diagnose and code n = 353 patients with chronic pain. Of these, 111 were assessed by 2 clinicians, and Fleiss' kappa was calculated to establish interrater reliability for any diagnosis assigned to ≥15 patients. The clinicians rated the clinical utility of all diagnoses. The interrater reliability could be calculated for 11 diagnoses. It was substantial for 10 diagnoses and moderate for 1 (kappa: 0.596-0.783). The mean clinical utility of the ICD-11 chronic pain diagnoses was rated as 8.45 ± 1.69/10. Clinical utility was rated higher for ICD-11 than for the commonly used classification systems (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.25) and differed between all centers (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.60). The utility of the ICD-11 diagnoses was rated higher than the commonly used diagnoses in Dunedin and Havana, and no difference was found in Kolkata and Hyderabad. The study showed the high interrater reliability of the new chronic pain diagnoses. The perceived clinical utility of the diagnoses indicates their superiority or equality compared with the classification systems currently used in pain clinics. These results suggest the global applicability of the classification in specialized pain treatment settings.Copyright © 2021 International Association for the Study of Pain.

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