• Shuhei Okazaki, Martin Griebe, Johannes Gregori, GüntherMatthiasMFrom the Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (S.O., M.G., J.S.-S., M.E.W., A.G., M.G.H., K.S., R.K.); mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany (J.G., M.G.); Institute for Medical Image, Johannes Sauter-Servaes, Marc E Wolf, Achim Gass, Michael G Hennerici, Kristina Szabo, and Rolf Kern.
• From the Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (S.O., M.G., J.S.-S., M.E.W., A.G., M.G.H., K.S., R.K.); mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany (J.G., M.G.); Institute for Medical Image Computing MEVIS, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (M.G.); MR-Imaging and Spectroscopy, Faculty 01 (Physics/Electrical Engineering), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany (M.G.); and Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kempten, Kempten-Oberallgaeu, Germany (R.K.). s-okazaki@umin.ac.jp.
• Stroke. 2016 Jan 1; 47 (1): 247-50.

Background And PurposeThere are few in vivo data on the pathophysiology of reperfusion during systemic thrombolysis. We monitored the time course of cerebral perfusion changes in patients during thrombolysis with repeated arterial spin labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsTen patients with proximal arterial occlusion within 4.5 hours after symptom onset were prospectively enrolled. All patients received intravenous thrombolysis during the magnetic resonance imaging examination. Repeated arterial spin labeling perfusion images were acquired during the 60-minute therapy and at follow-up after 24 to 72 hours. Clinical data, magnetic resonance imaging features, and cerebral perfusion changes were analyzed.ResultsBefore thrombolysis, arterial spin labeling hypoperfusion and fluid-attenuation inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity in the territory of the occluded arteries were observed in all patients. In 5 patients, extensive arterial transit artifacts (ATA) developed in the hypoperfused area. The ATA corresponded with fluid-attenuation inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities. All 5 patients who developed extensive ATA in the hypoperfused area had complete reperfusion after thrombolysis, whereas the 5 without extensive ATA showed no or only partial reperfusion (P<0.01). The development of ATA preceded the normalization of tissue perfusion.ConclusionsThe development of ATA during thrombolysis is associated with early reperfusion after thrombolysis. arterial spin labeling assessment during intravenous thrombolysis has the potential to guide subsequent therapeutic strategies in patients with acute stroke.© 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

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