• Annals of neurology · Jun 2010

    Case Reports

    Acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex encephalitis.

    • Eva C Schulte, Andreas Sauerbrei, Dieter Hoffmann, Claus Zimmer, Bernhard Hemmer, and Mark Mühlau.
    • Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
    • Ann. Neurol. 2010 Jun 1; 67 (6): 830-3.

    AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 is a common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis. Treatment with acyclovir is highly effective in this disease. We report the case of a 27-year-old, immunocompetent woman with acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex encephalitis. Although she had not been treated before, herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA from the cerebrospinal fluid showed a non-synonymous mutation in the thymidine kinase gene, which is likely to have caused resistance to acyclovir. Herpes simplex encephalitis resolved after treatment with foscarnet. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus encephalitis in an immunocompetent, previously therapy-naive adult.

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