• Rebecca Cohen, Jeanelle Sheeder, Natalia Arango, Stephanie B Teal, and Kristina Tocce.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, 12631 East 17th Avenue B198-6, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. Electronic address: Rebecca.h.cohen@ucdenver.edu.
• Contraception. 2016 Feb 1; 93 (2): 178-83.

ObjectiveTo compare discontinuation rates and incidence of repeat pregnancy within 1 year among young mothers choosing postplacental intrauterine devices (IUDs) versus postpartum contraceptive implants.Study DesignWe enrolled a prospective cohort of postpartum adolescents and young women who chose either postplacental IUDs or postpartum contraceptive implants prior to hospital discharge. We used chart review and phone interviews to assess device discontinuation (by request or expulsion) and pregnancy within 12 months.ResultsOf the 244 13-22 year-old participants, 82 chose IUDs (74 levonorgestrel IUDs and 8 copper IUDs), and 162 chose implants. Both groups had participant-requested discontinuation rates of 14% (9/67 IUD; 19/135 implant) within 1 year. Participants choosing IUDs had a 25% (17/67) expulsion rate. Median time to expulsion was 4.1 weeks (range: 0.4-29.3 weeks, 16/17 within 12 weeks), and participants recognized 15/17 expulsions. IUD initiators had significantly higher pregnancy rates by 12 months (7.6% vs. 1.5%, p=0.04). Most pregnancies occurred when women discontinued their initial device and did not start alternative contraception.DiscussionParticipant-requested discontinuation was similar in both groups. Differences in overall device discontinuation rates were due to IUD expulsions. Pregnancy rates by 12 months postpartum were lower than previously reported in this age group in both implant initiators and IUD initiators.ImplicationsYoung mothers who choose postplacental IUDs or postpartum contraceptive implants are unlikely to request removal within the first year. Clinicians should counsel postplacental IUD users that early expulsion is common (25%) and may be unrecognized (11% of expulsions). Patients should have a plan for contraceptive management should expulsion occur.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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