• Jasmeet Soar, Lance B Becker, Katherine M Berg, Sharon Einav, Qingbian Ma, Theresa M Olasveengen, Peter Paal, and ParrMichael J AMJAIntensive Care, Liverpool University Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
• Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: jasmeet.soar@nbt.nhs.uk.
• Lancet. 2021 Oct 2; 398 (10307): 1257-1268.

AbstractCardiopulmonary resuscitation prioritises treatment for cardiac arrests from a primary cardiac cause, which make up the majority of treated cardiac arrests. Early chest compressions and, when indicated, a defibrillation shock from a bystander give the best chance of survival with a good neurological status. Cardiac arrest can also be caused by special circumstances, such as asphyxia, trauma, pulmonary embolism, accidental hypothermia, anaphylaxis, or COVID-19, and during pregnancy or perioperatively. Cardiac arrests in these circumstances represent an increasing proportion of all treated cardiac arrests, often have a preventable cause, and require additional interventions to correct a reversible cause during resuscitation. The evidence for treating these conditions is mostly of low or very low certainty and further studies are needed. Irrespective of the cause, treatments for cardiac arrest are time sensitive and most effective when given early-every minute counts.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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