• Internal medicine · Feb 2022

    Case Reports

    Reversible Leukoencephalopathy in a Man with Childhood-onset Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria Syndrome.

    • Yumi Hoshino, Minori Kodaira, Atsuhiro Matsuno, Tomoki Kaneko, Tetsuhiro Fukuyama, Kyoko Takano, Masahide Yazaki, and Yoshiki Sekijima.
    • Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan.
    • Intern. Med. 2022 Feb 15; 61 (4): 553-557.

    AbstractA 49-year-old Japanese man had shown developmental delay, learning difficulties, epilepsy, and slowly progressive gait disturbance in elementary school. At 46 years old, he experienced repeated drowsiness with or without generalized convulsions, and hyperammonemia was detected. Brain magnetic resonance imaging detected multiple cerebral white matter lesions. An electroencephalogram showed diffuse slow basic activities with 2- to 3-Hz δ waves. Genetic tests confirmed a diagnosis of hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. Leukoencephalopathy was resolved following the administration of L-arginine and lactulose with a decrease in plasma ammonia levels and glutamine-glutamate peak on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Leukoencephalopathy in HHH syndrome may be reversible with the resolution of hyperammonemia-induced glutamine toxicity.

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