• Erlangga Yusuf, Bruno Van Herendael, Walter Verbrugghe, Margareta Ieven, Emiel Goovaerts, Kristof Bergs, Kristien Wouters, Philippe G Jorens, and Herman Goossens.
• Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. angga.yusuf@gmail.com.
• Ann Intensive Care. 2017 Dec 1; 7 (1): 72.

BackgroundAntibiotics are frequently used in intensive care units (ICUs), and their use is associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance and the duration of antibiotic exposure or mode of administration in an ICU unit.MethodsA 4-year cohort study of intensive care unit was performed in patients with P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens, initially susceptible to the investigated antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and amikacin). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of emergence of resistance were calculated using logistic regression analysis for various exposure periods to antibiotics (1-3, 4-7, 8-15 and >15 days) relative to no exposure with adjustment for age, sex, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) and length of stay. ORs on the emergence of P. aeruginosa resistance were also calculated for the various modes of administration.ResultsIncluded were 187 patients [mean age 61 years, 69% male, mean SAPS 3 score (SD): 59 (12.3)]. None of the antibiotics investigated showed the emergence of resistance within 1-3 days. Significant meropenem resistance emerged within 8-15 days [OR 79.1 (14.9-421.0)] after antibiotic exposure unlike other antibiotics (>15 days). No difference was observed between intermittent and extended administration of meropenem and between beta-lactam mono- or combined therapy.ConclusionsUse of meropenem was associated with the emergence of resistance as soon as 8 days after exposure to the antibiotic.

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