• Mohammad Reza Sharif, Mostafa Haji Rezaei, Marzieh Aalinezhad, Golbahareh Sarami, and Masoud Rangraz.
• Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran; Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran.
• Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 Jan 1; 18 (1): e27932.

BackgroundFever is the most common complaint in pediatric medicine and its treatment is recommended in some situations. Paracetamol is the most common antipyretic drug, which has serious side effects such as toxicity along with its positive effects. Diclofenac is one of the strongest non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs, which has received little attention as an antipyretic drug.ObjectivesThis study was designed to compare the antipyretic effectiveness of the rectal form of Paracetamol and Diclofenac.Patients And MethodsThis double-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 children aged six months to six years old. One group was treated with rectal Paracetamol suppositories at 15 mg/kg dose and the other group received Diclofenac at 1 mg/kg by rectal administration (n = 40). Rectal temperature was measured before and one hour after the intervention. Temperature changes in the two groups were compared.ResultsThe average rectal temperature in the Paracetamol group was 39.6 ± 1.13°C, and 39.82 ± 1.07°C in the Diclofenac group (P = 0.37). The average rectal temperature, one hour after the intervention, in the Paracetamol and the Diclofenac group was 38.39 ± 0.89°C and 38.95 ± 1.09°C, respectively (P = 0.02). Average temperature changes were 0.65 ± 0.17°C in the Paracetamol group and 1.73 ± 0.69°C in the Diclofenac group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the first one hour, Diclofenac suppository is able to control the fever more efficient than Paracetamol suppositories.

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