• Kasra Morad Soltani, Hassan Motamed, Kaveh Eslami, Nastaran Majdinasab, and Leila Kouti.
• Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeiny Hospital Research and Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
• Am J Emerg Med. 2021 Dec 1; 50: 376-380.

IntroductionHeadache is one of the most common neurological conditions among emergency department visits (ED), although the best therapy has not been identified yet. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to compare the pain-relieving effect of metoclopramide and ketorolac in acute primary headaches patients.MethodsThis double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. This research involved all adult patients with acute primary (migraine or tension-type) headaches presented to the ED. Pain intensity was assessed with 0 to 10 verbal Numeric Rating Scales (NRS). The subjects were randomised into 10 mg intravenous (IV) metoclopramide or 30 mg IV ketorolac groups. Pain score and drug adverse reactions were compared between the two groups at baseline, 15, 30, and 60 min after baseline.Results108 patients completed this trial and were equally divided into two groups (mean age of 34 ± 8.54 years; 57.4% female). Before treatment, the mean pain score was 6.9 and 6.8 in metoclopramide and ketorolac groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Metoclopramide failed to provide more improvement in pain score at 30 min (p = 0.55) and 60 min (p = 0.15) from baseline. There were no serious adverse events in this study. Only five patients required rescue medication which four of them were in ketorolac group.ConclusionWe were unable to reject the null hypothesis that there would be no difference in pain outcomes between metoclopramide and ketorolac.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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