• Aimalohi A Ahonkhai, Adesola Z Musa, André A Fenton, Muktar H Aliyu, Igho Ofotokun, Alex Hornstein, Baba M Musa, Nnamdi Nwosu, Ifeoma Ulasi, Samuel Ajayi, Catherine Falade, Adedamola Dada, Aliyu Abdu, Mogaji Sunday, Adenike Odewabi, Muyiwa K Rotimi, Onome Ogueh, Alan Steinbach, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Babatunde L Salako, and Oliver C Ezechi.
• Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• Implement Sci Commun. 2021 Aug 26; 2 (1): 93.

BackgroundAcute respiratory failure, a major cause of death in COVID-19, is managed with high-flow oxygen therapy via invasive mechanical ventilation. In resource-limited settings like Nigeria, the shortage of ventilators and oxygen supply makes this option challenging. Evidence-based non-invasive alternatives to mechanical ventilation such as the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices exist, but there have been concerns that non-invasive ventilation may expose healthcare workers to infection from aerosolized dispersion of SARS-CoV-2. We propose to evaluate the feasibility, adaptability and acceptability of a CPAP/O2 helmet solution for non-invasive ventilation among patients with COVID-19 and health workers in eight COVID-19 treatment and isolation centers in Nigeria.MethodsThe study will occur in 4 stages: (1) convene a Steering Committee of key stakeholders and recruit implementation sites; (2) use the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARiHS) framework to guide a needs assessment of treatment centers' capacity to use high-flow oxygen therapy to treat COVID-19 patients and utilize the findings to develop an implementation strategy for the use of a CPAP/O2 helmet solution; (3) build infrastructure to support training and data monitoring processes and to develop implementation protocols to evaluate the adaptability of the strategy for the use of the CPAP/O2 helmet; and (4) train health workers, distribute a CPAP/O2 helmet solution for non-invasive ventilation, pilot test the implementation strategy, and assess feasibility of its use and acceptability that includes monitoring altered risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.DiscussionThe CPAP/O2 helmet solution for non-invasive ventilation in Nigeria can serve as a scalable model for resource-poor countries, and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, has the potential to be deployed for the treatment of pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.Trial RegistrationNCT04929691. Registered June 18, 2021-retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04929691.© 2021. The Author(s).

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