• Mahtab Ghanbari, Sanaz Pourreza, Saba Mohammadpour, Elham Bazshahi, Zahra Akbarzade, Kurosh Djafarian, Cain C T Clark, and Sakineh Shab-Bidar.
• Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 Dec 1; 75 (12): e14826.

Background And AimSince evidence regarding low-CHO diet and cardiometabolic risk factors is controversial, this study aimed to assess the relation between low-CHO diet score and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk factors among a group of Iranian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 840 subjects with the age range of 20-65 years. Dietary intakes were assessed by completing three 24-hour recalls. Total, animal- and vegetable-based low-CHO diet score were calculated. We used logistic regression with different models to determine whether there were relationships between low-CHO diet score and MetS and MetS components.ResultsWe found that there was no significant association between low-CHO diet, animal-based and vegetable-based low-CHO diet scores and risk of MetS in three meals. Except for the animal-based low-CHO diet score, which was significantly associated with general obesity at lunch meal (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.76-1.82, P = .03). There were a significant association between low-CHO diet and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in lunch meal (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.06-2.14, P = .03). Vegetable-based low-CHO diet score was associated with a lower risk of elevated TG in lunch meal in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.90, P = .04).ConclusionDiets with lower amounts of carbohydrate and higher contents of fat and protein were not significantly associated with the risk for MetS in Iranian adults. Only animal-based low-CHO diet score was significantly associated with general obesity at lunch meal.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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