• Lorenzo Leonel Tlacomulco-Flores, Myrna Déciga-Campos, María Eva González-Trujano, Azucena Ibeth Carballo-Villalobos, and Francisco Pellicer.
• Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Av. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/n Col, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
• J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Feb 10; 248: 112276.

Ethnopharmacological RelevanceSalvia divinorum Epling & Játiva is a Mexican plant used not only in rituals but also in traditional medicine for pain relief. One of the most known bioactive compounds is salvinorin A, which acts centrally in kappa-type opioid receptors.Aim Of The StudyDespite its traditional use as a medicinal plant, there is not enough scientific investigation to reinforce its potential as analgesic. In this study, Salvia divinorum antinociceptive activity was evaluated in experimental models of nociceptive pain; the writhing test and formalin-induced licking behavior in mice.Material And MethodsDifferent Salvia divinorum extracts were prepared by maceration at room temperature in increased polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The ethyl acetate extract (EAEx) was chosen in order to be fractioned and to obtain a mixture of salvinorins. The antinociceptive effect of EAEx (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was compared with that of tramadol (a partial opioid agonist analgesic drug, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and the mixture of salvinorins (30 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, a participation of opioids (naloxone, NX 1 and/or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors (WAY100635, 0.32 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated as possible inhibitory neurotransmission involved.ResultsAs a result, the EAEx produced significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive effect concerning salvinorins constituents. This effect was blocked in the presence of NX and WAY100635 in the abdominal test, but only by NX in the formalin-induced licking behavior. Whereas, the effect of salvinorins mixture involved opioids and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.ConclusionData provide evidence of the potential of this species, where salvinorin A is in part responsible bioactive constituent involving participation of the opioids and/or 5-HT1A serotonin receptors depending on the kind of pain model explored.Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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