• E van Puffelen, J M Hulst, I Vanhorebeek, K Dulfer, G Van den Berghe, JoostenK F MKFMDepartment of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., and VerbruggenS C A TSCATDepartment of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: s.verbruggen@erasmusmc.nl..
• Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• Clin Nutr. 2020 Jan 1; 39 (1): 104-109.

Background & AimsCritically ill children are at increased risk of weight deterioration in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Whether early initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) prevents weight deterioration is unknown. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of withholding supplemental PN during the first week on weight Z-score change in PICU and to evaluate the association between weight Z-score change in the PICU and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Paediatric Early versus Late Parenteral Nutrition in Intensive Care Unit (PEPaNIC) randomised controlled trial (N = 1440), which focused on the subgroup of patients with longitudinal weight Z-scores available on admission and on the last day in PICU. Patients were randomly allocated to initiation of supplemental PN after one week (Late-PN) or within 24 h (Early-PN) when enteral nutrition was insufficient. The effect of Late-PN versus Early-PN on the change in weight Z-score was investigated, adjusted for risk factors. Moreover, the association between weight Z-score change and clinical outcomes was explored, adjusted for risk factors.ResultsLongitudinal weight Z-scores were available for 470 patients. Enteral nutrition intake was equal in the Early-PN and Late-PN group. Less weight Z-score deterioration during PICU stay was associated with a lower risk of new infections (adjusted OR per Z-score increase 0.72 [0.55-0.96], p = 0.02), and with a higher likelihood of an earlier discharge from PICU alive (adjusted HR per Z-score increase 1.22 [1.10-1.37], p < 0.001). During PICU-stay, the change in weight Z-score did not differ among both groups (Late-PN median 0.00 [-0.34-0.12] vs Early-PN median -0.03 [-0.48-0.01], adjusted β = 0.10 [-0.05-0.25], p = 0.18).ConclusionsWeight deterioration during the PICU stay was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Withholding supplemental PN during the first week did not aggravate weight Z-score deterioration during PICU stay.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov NCT01536275.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

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