• Gianluisa Sicignano, Marco Losa, Antonella del Vecchio, Giovanni Mauro Cattaneo, Piero Picozzi, Angelo Bolognesi, Pietro Mortini, and Riccardo Calandrino.
• Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
• Radiother Oncol. 2012 Jul 1; 104 (1): 119-24.

Background And PurposeGamma Knife Surgery (GKS) can be an adjunctive option to surgery in the case of pituitary adenomas. The effect of dosimetric variables on the incidence of new anterior pituitary deficits after GKS requires better definition.Materials And MethodsThis retrospective study considered 130 patients with a follow up after GKS >6 months. The diagnosis was nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) in 68 patients and secreting pituitary adenoma (SPA) in 62 patients. Median margin dose was 15/25 Gy for NFPA and SPA, respectively. The endocrinological median follow-up was 60 months. Hypopituitarism was defined as a new pituitary deficit in (at least) one of the three hormonal axes (hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism). The predictive value of clinical/dosimetric parameters was tested by univariate/multivariate analyses.ResultsSixteen patients (12.3%) showed a new pituitary deficit in one or more axes. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the mean dose to the stalk/pituitary and the amount of healthy tissue within the high dose region were strong independent predictors of pituitary dysfunction; their best cut-off values were around 15.7 Gy, 7.3 Gy and 1.4 cm(3), respectively.ConclusionsOur data showed a dose-dependent incidence of new hormonal deficits after GKS for pituitary adenoma. During planning definition, the risk of hypopituitarism could be reduced using the outlined safe dose-volume values.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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