• Casey J Allen, David T Pointer, Alisa N Blumenthaler, Rutika J Mehta, Sarah E Hoffe, Bruce D Minsky, Grace L Smith, Mariela Blum, Paul F Mansfield, Naruhiko Ikoma, Prajnan Das, Jaffer Ajani, Sean P Dineen, Jason B Fleming, Brian D Badgwell, and Jose M Pimiento.
• Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
• Ann. Surg. 2021 Oct 1; 274 (4): 544548544-548.

ObjectiveWe compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus chemoradiation (CRT) for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GA).Summary Of Background DataThe optimal neoadjuvant therapy regimen for resectable GA is not defined.MethodsUtilizing data from 2 high-volume cancer centers, we analyzed patients who underwent surgery for localized GA from 1/1/2000-12/31/2017. Standard CT regimens were used according to treatment period. We compared propensity matched cohorts based on age, sex, race, histology, and clinical stage.ResultsFour-hundred five patients (age 62 ± 12 year, 58% male, 56% White) were analyzed. 231 (57%) received CRT and 174 (43%) received CT. Groups differed based on histopathologic characteristics including preoperative stage (p = 0.013). To control for these differences, propensity matched cohorts of 113 CT and 113 CRT patients were compared. CRT had similar frequencies of microscopically negative resections to CT (93% vs 91%, p = 0.81), but higher rates of complete pathologic response (15% vs 4%, p = 0.003) and lower pathologic stage (p = 0.002). Completion of intended perioperative therapy occurred in 63% of CT and 91% of CRT patients (p < 0.001). Median DFS was 45mo (95%CI: 20-70) in the CT group and 113mo (95%CI: 75-151) in the CRT group (p = 0.018). Median OS was 53mo (95%CI: 30-77) versus 120mo (95%CI: 101-138); p = 0.015.ConclusionsIn this multi-institutional comparison of neoadjuvant CT and CRT for resectable GA, CRT is associated with higher rates of completed perioperative therapy, higher rates of complete pathologic response, lower pathologic stage, and improved survival.Level of Evidence: Level III.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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