• Anna Williamson, Catherine D'Este, Kathleen Clapham, Sally Redman, Toni Manton, Sandra Eades, Leanne Schuster, and Beverley Raphael.
• School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia The Sax Institute, Haymarket, New South Wales, Australia.
• BMJ Open. 2016 Jul 5; 6 (7): e011182.

ObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with 'good' mental health among Aboriginal children living in urban communities in New South Wales, Australia.DesignCross-sectional survey (phase I of a longitudinal study).Setting4 Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services that deliver primary care. All services were located in urban communities in New South Wales, Australia.Participants1005 Aboriginal children aged 4-17 years who participated in phase I of the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health (SEARCH).Primary Outcome MeasureCarer report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Scores <17 were considered to indicate 'good' mental health for the purposes of this article.ResultsThe majority (72%) of SEARCH participants were not at high risk for emotional or behavioural problems. After adjusting for the relative contributions of significant demographic, child and carer health factors, the factors associated with good mental health among SEARCH children were having a carer who was not highly psychologically distressed (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.1); not suffering from frequent chest, gastrointestinal or skin infections (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.3); and eating two or more servings of vegetables per day (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.8). Being raised by a foster carer (OR=0.2, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.71) and having lived in 4 or more homes since birth (OR=0.62, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.0) were associated with significantly lower odds of good mental health. Slightly different patterns of results were noted for adolescents than younger children.ConclusionsMost children who participated in SEARCH were not at high risk for emotional or behavioural problems. Promising targets for efforts to promote mental health among urban Aboriginal children may include the timely provision of medical care for children and provision of additional support for parents and carers experiencing mental or physical health problems, for adolescent boys and for young people in the foster care system.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

18 keywords...

hide…